—utilized for a function phrase right before a proper noun to tell apart the issue on the referent from the usual, previous, or hypothetical ailmentDuring the Worldwide Phonetic Alphabet, ⟨a⟩ is used for the open entrance unrounded vowel, ⟨ä⟩ is used for the open central unrounded vowel, and ⟨ɑ⟩ is used for the open back unrounded v